| 1.A soap molecule consists of a long hydrocarbon chain with a carboxylic acid group on one end which is ionic bonded to a metal ion, usually a sodium or potassium.译文：肥皂分子（结构）中包含一个长碳氢链，其一端为离子化的、与金属离子如钠、钾结合的羧基基团。 | |
| | 2.The hydrocarbon end is non-polar and is soluble in non-polar substances (such as fats and oils), and the ionic end (the salt of a carboxylic acid) is soluble in water. 译文：碳氢链末端是非极性的就溶于极性物质（例如脂肪和油），而离子型末端（碳酸的盐）可溶于非极性物质中。 | |
| | 3.A dye can generally be described as a colored substance that has an affinity to the substrate to which it is being applied. 译文：染料一般可描述为可吸附于被染色底物上的彩色物质。 | |
| | 4.The resultant powder is known as “base powder”, and its exact treatment from this point on depends on the product being made.译文：所得到的粉末被认为是“基粉”，从这一步开始，对基粉的处理方式取决于所生产的产品。 | |
| | 5.Resonance structures that cause displacement or appearance of absorption bands in the visible spectrum of light are responsible for color. 译文：能够在可见光谱吸收区引起位移或显色的共振结构是产生颜色的原因。 | |
| | 6.As a gas or as a gaseous suspension, the paint is suspended in solid or liquid form in a gas that is sprayed on an object. 译文：当涂料以气态或气态悬浮物来使用时，是在气体中以液体或固体形式存在，并涂布于物件上。 | |
| | 7.Detergents use a synthetic surfactant in place of the metal fatty acid salts used in soaps.译文：洗涤剂中使用的合成活性剂可放在金属脂肪酸盐中来制造肥皂。 | |
| | 8.Dyes are synthesized in a reactor, filtered, dried, and blended with other additives to produce the final product. 译文：染料是在反应器中合成的，经过过滤，染色，再与其他添加剂混合以合成最终的产品。 | |
| 1.granular | |
| | 2.sodium tripolyphosphate | |
| | 3. triphenylmethane | |
| | 4.viscosity | |
| | 5.water-soluble substances | |
| | 6.lake pigment | |
| | 7.side chain | |
| | 8.enzyme | |
| | 9.potassium hydroxide | |
| | 10.emulsifier | |
| | 11.absorption bands | |
| | 12.spray painting | |
| | 13.carboxylic acid group | |
| | 14. hydrocarbon chain | |
| | 15.metallic compounds | |
|
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