| 1.（ ） is permanently stored in the computer and provides a link between the hardware and other programs that run on the PC. |
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| 2.Programs written in all other kinds of languages are translated into ( ) before they are performed. |
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| 3.Computer systems consist of two very different types of elements: Hardware, which includes all the physical things that can be touched and （ ） , which tells the hardware how to do . |
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| 4.( ) drives can erase and store data. |
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| 5.The ( ) turns the object file into an executable program. |
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| 6.（ ）：A series of instructions(commands) performed in a sequence specifying actions to accomplish a task. |
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| 7.( ) is an operating system that was initially created as a hobby by a young student. |
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| 8.A （ ） is a functional unit that interprets and carries out instructions. |
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| 9.The term " （ ） program" means a program written in high-level language. |
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| 10.The （ ） has several major components, including the system kernel, a memory management system, the file system manager, device drivers, and the system libraries. |
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| 11.( ) is not the basic hardware component of computers. |
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| 12.The two goals of an operation system are （ ） and efficiency. |
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| 13.( ) refers to the parts of the computer that you can see and touch. |
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| 14.As an operating system repeatedly allocates and frees storage space , many physically separated unused areas appear. This phenomenon is called （ ） . |
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| 15.Every valid character in a computer that uses even （ ） must always have an even number or 1 bits. |
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| 16.（ ） is the foundation on which applications are built. |
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| 17.The most important program on any computer is ( ). |
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| 18.The（ ）is a collection of modules serving as interface between hardware and software to provide a software platform. |
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| 19.（ ）：The process of identifying and correcting errors in a program. |
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| 20.( ) is a fast and powerful operating system, based on the UNIX O.S. |
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