Have you ever been ill? When you are ill, you must be unhappy because your body becomes hot, and the

Have you ever been ill? When you are ill, you must be unhappy because your body becomes hot, and there are pains all over your body. You don’t want to work, and you stay in bed, feeling very sad.

What makes us ill? It is germs(细菌). Germs are everywhere. They are very small and you can’t see them with your eyes, but you can see them with a microscope. There could be hundreds of them on a very small thing.

Germs are always found in dirty water. When we look at dirty water under the microscope, we shall see them in it. So your father and your mother will not let you drink dirty water.

Germs aren’t found only in water. They are found in air and dust. If you cut your finger, if some of the dust from the floor goes into the cut (伤口), some of the germs would go into your finger. Your finger would become big and red, and you will have much pain in it. Sometimes the germs would go into all of your body, and you would have pain all over your body.

【1】Which of the following is TRUE?

A. If things are very small, they are germs. B. Germs are only in dirty water.

C. Germs are everywhere around us.

【2】What is a microscope used for?

A. Making very small things look much bigger.

B. Making very big things look much smaller.

C. Helping you read some newspapers.

【3】Why don’t parents let us drink dirty water?

A. You haven’t looked at it carefully. B. Water can’t be drunk in this way.

C. There must be lots of germs in it.

【4】What can’t we know from the passage?

A. Germs can be found both in water and in the air.

B. If your temperature is not OK, there must be germs in your body.

C. If your finger isn’t cut, there aren’t any germs on it.

【5】What’s the main idea of the passage?

A. Germs may make us ill. B. Don’t drink dirty water

C. Take care of your fingers.

【答案】

【1】C

【2】A

【3】C

【4】C

【5】A

【解析】

这篇短文给我们介绍的是关于细菌的一些知识，细菌在我们周围无处不在，它很小，我们用肉眼看不到，但是如果它进入了我们的身体，就会使我们生病、不舒服。

【1】推理判断题。根据短文第一段中Germs are everywhere. They are very small and you can’t see them with your eyes, but you can see them with a microscope. There could be hundreds of them on a very small thing.可知，细菌无处不在，由此可知C是正确的。从这段文字我们可以知道细菌非常小，用肉眼看不见，但我们不能说小的东西就是细菌，故A不对。根据第二段Germs are always found in dirty water可知，细菌总是在脏水里，而不是只是在脏水里，故B不对。

【2】推理判断题。根据短文第一段中They are very small and you can’t see them with your eyes, but you can see them with a microscope.可知，细菌非常小，我们用肉眼看不到，可以用显微镜看到。由此我们可以猜测显微镜就是能让小的东西变大，故应选A。

【3】细节理解题。根据短文第二段中Germs are always found in dirty water. When we look at dirty water under the microscope, we shall see them in it. So your father and your mother will not let you drink dirty water.可知，脏水里有很多的细菌，所以我们的父母不让我们喝脏水。故应选C。

【4】推理判断题。根据短文第三段中Germs aren’t found only in water. They are found in air and dust.可知，在脏水和空气中都有细菌，故A是我们可以从文章中知道的；根据第一段中When you are ill, you must be unhappy because your body becomes hot, and there are pains all over your body.可知，当我们生病的时候，我们的体温会升高，全身疼痛，这些都是细菌引起的，故B选项是对的。根据文意可知，细菌无处不在，手指即使没有被切到，也不一定没有细菌。故C是不对的，选C。

【5】主旨大意题。这篇短文给我们介绍了关于细菌的一些知识，细菌在我们周围无处不在，它很小，肉眼看不到。全文都是围绕细菌这一话题展开的，故应选A。

这是一篇科普说明文，给我们介绍了关于细菌的一些知识。文章内容比较容易理解，后面的题目设置有细节理解、推理判断和主旨大意题。如第2小题，题目问的是显微镜是用来做什么的，可能对于一些学生来说题干中的microscope是一个生词，不知道它的意思，那么我们可以把这个单词还原到原文，在短文第一段中我们可以找到它，根据它所在的句子They are very small and you can’t see them with your eyes, but you can see them with a microscope.可知，细菌用肉眼是看不到的，但是我们可以用microscope看到细菌，由此我们就可以知道这种东西可以使小的东西变大，也能猜到它的意思是“显微镜”，故应选A。